Paper instructions: You will prepare and submit an annotated Webography outlining seven (7) Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) resource/response/counter-proliferation websites. Attached are the following documents to assist you in being set up for success for this assignment:

1.  Document titled “What is a Webography?”

2. A generic Webography example titled “Webography Example” that will give you a good overview of what a complete Webography looks like.

3. A template example titled “Webography WMD Example” that will give you a glimpse to the start of what yours should look like.

4. Grading Rubric

Additional Guidance/Tips:
•Create your work as a Word document and to submit as an attachment (remember to compress photos — see below for instructions)
•12pt Times New Roman
•The websites may be federal, state, local, commercial, or private
•Don’t forget that you are reviewing website – do not pick documents on website, that will not meet the intent of the assignment
•Catch the reader’s attention with dynamic photos (don’t forget to cite under them to give credit if they are not from the specific website you are reviewing. For example, on the cover page, you might use a picture you randomly found on the internet — make sure you cite to give credit where you got the picture)
•When you use pictures in your document, don’t forget to compress them (this is an option under “Picture Tools” and select “Compress Pictures” and uncheck “Apply only to this picture” in order to compress all the pictures in your document. Also select “E-mail (96ppi)” for best way to upload your work (note the steps may be different depending on what version of Word you are using)
•Don’t just tell what the selected website is about — explain what the strengths and weaknesses are that you identified
•Don’t forget the Table of Contents
•Don’t forget the Introduction — tell the reader what you are going to cover
•Don’t forget the Conclusion — tell the reader the key points of what you told them
•Finding the unique websites can make the assignment more interesting – this takes some effort. Don’t be afraid to think outside the box
•Don’t cut and paste from the website — put things in your own words. If you summarize the website material, then I would not expect to see a citation as I will equate that you are relating the material to the website you are reviewing
•If you use a direct material then it is expected that you cite correctly and use quotation marks and the appropriate citation (look in the Lesson area of the course if you need help with APA citing style). You will have an extra page at the end of your Assignment that is a Reference List (and needs to be in APA style).  It will include all citations for your web pages and any addition references that you use.
•Don’t forget your APA requirements, i.e. Running Head:, parenthetical citations, References page, etc.

Solution

Overview:

A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological or other weapon that can slaughter and convey critical mischief to a substantial number of people or make awesome harm human-made structures. The extension and use of the term has advanced and been debated, frequently implying more politically than in fact. Today, the most conceivable dangers identified with weapons of mass destruction in the Russian Federation don’t originate from motion picture like situations, for example, a flighty government way to deal with nuclear prevention. Initially authored in reference to elevated bombarding with chemical explosives, since World War II it has come to allude to extensive scale weaponry of different innovations, for example, chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear.

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) constitute a class of weaponry with the possibility to, in a solitary minute, kill a huge number of regular folks, endanger the indigenous habitat, and on a very basic level modify the world and the lives of future ages through their cataclysmic impacts. Most countries in Asia and the Pacific have since quite a while ago understood that demobilization and non-multiplication stay crucial to making a domain good to peace, security and improvement. Other UN bodies entrusted with arranging the end of WMDs incorporate the Conference on Disarmament alongside its antecedents, and the Disarmament Commission.

States in Asia and the Pacific have encountered direct the unfeeling impacts of WMDs, and the district has expected a position of authority in the worldwide crusade to delegitimize all types of WMDs. In September 2012, the five nuclear-weapon states marked a joint revelation that perceived Mongolia’s nuclear sans weapon status, as well as conferred them to regard that status and not add to any demonstration that would damage it.

Weapons of Mass Destruction

As per national approach, WMD refers to materials, weapons, or gadgets that are expected to cause (or are equipped for causing) passing or genuine substantial damage to countless. Markers of this expanding risk incorporate the 9/ attacks, the Amerithrax letters, and various endeavors by terrorists at home and abroad to utilize ad libbed explosives made from fundamental chemical forerunners. The FBI decided the requirement for a program that met the present risk, as well as readied a workforce and association to counter future dangers and react to occurrences including those dangers.

The Directorate has accomplished FBI National Program status, showing its effect on the Bureau’s WMD program since its origin. Accomplishing program status gave the Directorate full oversight over activities and program exercises, for example, anticipation, readiness, countermeasures, examinations, and operational reaction—and in addition the capacity to lead handle work force. In 2005, at that point Director Robert Mueller asked for that the recently shaped National Security Branch outline a hierarchical component to meet the WMD danger. By July 2006, the FBI had set up the WMD Directorate. WMD terrorism and expansion are developing U.S. national security dangers. The Director of National Intelligence has expressed that many distinguished local and global terrorists and terrorist bunches have communicated their goal to get and utilize WMD—including nuclear materials. The test introduced by these dangers is aggravated by the vast volume of deception dangers that occupy and redirect law authorization organizations from tending to genuine dangers.

In July 2006, the FBI made the Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Directorate to construct a firm and composed way to deal with occurrences including chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) material—with an abrogating center around avoidance. The WMD Directorate proactively searches out and depends on insight to drive readiness, countermeasures, and examinations intended to shield WMD dangers from getting to be reality.

Nuclear Terrorism – Imminent Threat?

Nuclear terrorism dangers could come to fruition in three general pathways: the ponder exchange of nuclear material from a state to a terrorist group or non-state on-screen character; the offer of nuclear materials to a non-state performer on the bootleg market, which may wind up in the hands of a terrorist group; and, the robbery or “spillage,” or unexpected redirection of nuclear material from a state program.

The subject of whether terrorists would have the capacity to take a genuine nuclear weapon from a nuclear-equipped state, while possible, is exceptionally dangerous because of the remarkable security managed nuclear weapons. The dread of a nuclear end of the world because of terrorists has been intensified in the media, in motion pictures and books, and by political pioneers’ announcements since 9/. Consideration as a rule is attracted to those nuclear states with apparent not as much as ideal security over their reserves and weapons; and numerous experts bring up that the spread of nuclear weapons to North Korea, and possibly Iran, builds the danger of terrorists gaining admittance to nuclear material or weapons through agreement with administration authorities, or absence of powerful oversight or security.

Terrorism specialists and experts have talked about this for a considerable length of time, and no accord exists regarding why the world has not seen terrorists prevail at executing a nuclear attack. In spite of the appearing certainty of a terrorist attack with a nuclear weapon, terrorists might be considerably less inclined to lead such an attack than most investigators and policymakers anticipate. For example, nuclear terrorism is hard to achieve, both in fact and operationally. Moreover, there is no reason for a by all appearances suspicion that would-be nuclear terrorists can’t be upset, if not hindered, from directing a nuclear attack.

Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation

As indicated in this source, the universal group thinks about the ponder utilization of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear gadgets as extraordinarily loathsome. In spite of these endeavors, there is worry over the global group about the spread and restricted utilization of WMD. The International Security Program, Project on Nuclear Issues, and Proliferation Prevention Program direct auspicious research and investigation on countering the spread of weapons of mass destruction from the proceeded with utilization of chemical weapons in Syria to the risk postured by non-state performing artists to the push to avert assist nuclear multiplication. The dread of these weapons is profound to the point that, from one viewpoint, it produced a completely new idea of contention and peace promotion as discouragement. Then again, it likewise prompted the foundation of a hearty global engineering of laws, arrangements, assentions, and standards intended to keep the multiplication and utilization of these weapons.

Biological weapons have not been utilized as a part of current war since the Japanese spread torment tainted lice in zones of China amid World War II. In any case, the relative straightforwardness with which both biological and chemical operators can be readied, bundled, conveyed, and set off have raised apprehensions that they may turn into the weapon of decision of terrorists. To be sure, since the finish of the Cold War the primary concern with respect to the sum total of what WMD has been multiplication, that is, the potential for lesser forces, “maverick states,” or global terrorist groups to secure the way to create and convey WMD.

5 Weapons of Mass Destruction the U.S. Military Uses Every Day

The author clarifies how a great many people see weapons of mass destruction as nuclear bombs or chemical operators. The author cites the Boston Marathon Bombers, where the bombers were accused of making and utilizing their own weapons of mass destruction. The explains plots 5 weapons of mass destruction including (1) any damaging gadget as characterized in segment 921 of WMD, (2) any weapon that is planned or proposed to cause demise or genuine real damage through the discharge, scattering, or effect of lethal or toxic chemicals, or their forerunners, (3) any weapon including a biological specialist, poison, or vector (4) any weapon that is intended to discharge radiation or radioactivity at a level risky to human life or (5) gadget like any of the gadgets portrayed in the first statements.

The source puts into point of view how WMD have changed throughout the years, and would now be able to be made out of family things. Additionally down the article, Peck (2013) starts depicting particular WMD weapons that the United States military uses every day, and how they could conceivably be arraigned by remote nations on the off chance that they embraced comparative laws.

Underneath the legalese, this for the most part fits the regular meaning of WMDs. In any case, Section 921, the part that characterizes WMDs as damaging gadgets is the place the law gets intriguing. For motivation behind a WMD, a damaging gadget is characterized as a bomb, projectile, rocket having a force charge of in excess of four ounces, rocket, mine or gadget like any of the gadgets portrayed in the previous provisos.

Weapon of Mass Destruction

Weapon of mass destruction (WMD), weapon with the ability to incur demise and destruction on such a massive scale thus unpredictably that its exceptionally nearness in the hands of an antagonistic power can be viewed as a terrible risk. The term weapon of mass destruction has been in money since no less than 1937, when it was utilized to portray massed arrangements of plane flying machine. Around then these high-flying ships of the air appeared to represent a relentless danger to regular citizen focuses situated a long way from any war front. Current weapons of mass destruction are nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons.

Chemical weapons comprise of fluids and gases that gag their casualties, harm their blood, rankle their skin, or disturb their sensory system. Biological weapons contain regular poisons or irresistible operators, for example, microbes, infections, or parasites; splashed or burst over populated territories, they may cause constrained yet serious flare-ups of such destructive ailments as Bacillus anthracis, pneumonic torment, or smallpox. Biological weapons have not been utilized as a part of present day war since the Japanese spread torment tainted lice in World War II. Notwithstanding, the relative simplicity with which both biological and chemical operators can be readied, bundled, conveyed, and set off have raised apprehensions that they may turn into the weapon of decision of terrorists. Without a doubt, since the finish of the Cold War the fundamental concern in regards to the sum total of what WMD has been expansion.

Weapons of Mass Destruction

In spite of the fact that the term WMD gives helpful shorthand to mass-loss weapons, there are imperative contrasts in the attributes, impacts and military parts of different nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. Nuclear weapons stand separated in the general population creative ability as a result of their terrible and unmatched damaging force: a hard and fast nuclear attack could destroy billions of individuals inside hours. Therefore, some contend that nuclear weapons ought to be recognized from every single other kind of weapons of mass destruction (Reed, 2017).

While the mass executing of individuals isn’t another element of fighting, weapons of mass destruction (WMD) represent an extraordinary group of stars of difficulties to peace and security. Over the previous century, different states have assembled and amassed deadly munitions stockpiles of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and the materials to deliver them. While states have formally dedicated to taking out all stores of chemical weapons and hostile biological weapons and to make progress toward the disposal of nuclear weapons, nine nations as of now have nuclear weapons are accepted to have chemical as well as biological fighting operators.

Notwithstanding the risks postured by existing reserves of WMD, huge issues emerge from the spread of WMD and related advancements to extra nations, nongovernmental performing artists, and non-state terrorist arranges through undercover projects and bootleg market offers of weapons and related innovations. There is deficient and conflicting data accessible on the nuclear reserves of India, Pakistan and Israel. Most specialists trust that the nuclear weapons in these nations are just halfway conveyed. Much more noteworthy vulnerability encompasses the status of North Korea’s nuclear program, however a few experts evaluate that North Korea may have effectively worked upwards of 13 nuclear weapons.

Summary

Contingent on the yield and environmental conditions, an expansive thermonuclear weapon dropped on a thickly populated city could murder a large number of individuals in a moment. Likewise, a large number more beyond words time because of the deadly impacts of radiation. Right now, the United States and Russia keep up a few thousand nuclear weapons on hair-trigger alarm, or what is named “dispatch on-notice” of a nuclear attack. In light of administrative mystery, it is difficult to give correct figures on the cosmetics and yield of worldwide nuclear arms stockpiles.

Chemical weapons are remarkable on account of the far reaching and longstanding business and military involvement in assembling their constituents. Particularly contrasted and nuclear weapons, chemical weapons are extensively simpler and less expensive to make. Numerous risky chemical constituents thus called antecedents of chemical weapons are presently economically accessible. Biological weapons, which make utilization of deadly microbes, infections, or poisons, are recognized by their significantly wild nature: once released, a biological specialist, for example, smallpox can spread rapidly to cause a scourge in human populaces.

References

Britannica (2017). Weapon of mass destruction. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/technology/weapon-of-mass-destruction

CSIS (nd). Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation. Retrieved from https://www.csis.org/topics/defense-and-security/weapons-mass-destruction-proliferation

FBI (nd). Weapons of Mass Destruction. Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/wmd  

Melley, G. (2017). Nuclear Terrorism – Imminent Threat? InterAgency Journal Vol. 8, Issue 3. Retrieved from http://wmdcenter.ndu.edu/Media/News/Article/1375207/nuclear-terrorism-imminent-threat/

Peck, M. (2013). 5 Weapons of Mass Destruction the U.S. Military Uses Every Day. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelpeck/2013/04/29/974/#4e3f29f61aab

Reed, L. (2017). Weapons of Mass Destruction. Retrieved from https://www.hampshire.edu/pawss/weapons-of-mass-destruction

UNRCPD. (nd). Weapons of Mass Destruction. Retrieved from http://unrcpd.org/wmd/

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