Health Promoting Behaviors

Question 1

Regular exercise has numerous health benefits to an individual. For example, exercises help to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and other metabolic syndromes (Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, 2011). In addition, regular exercises help in strengthening muscles and bones, regulating body weight, increasing HDL cholesterol, enhancing the functionality of the immune system, and promoting the growth of new neurons in the brain (Pereira et al. 2007).

Question 2

Exercises should be done regularly and by everyone. Moreover, they should be conducted in less crowded, convenient and safe environments. Additionally, individuals should develop an exercise program (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question.3

Regular exercise has numerous effects on psychological health, mood, and self-esteem. For example, it enhances mood and general well-being, self-efficacy and cognitive functioning of an individual. Consecutively, regular exercise has economic benefits since it reduces the probability of hospitalization and medications, which are expensive to most people (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 4

There are various characteristics that are associated with individuals who adhere to regular exercises. For example, most of these individuals originate from families that value exercises; they have positive attitudes towards them, and most have a strong sense of self-efficacy for such activity. In addition, these individuals always perceive themselves as athletes, have a sense of responsibility for their health, they always enjoy their form of exercises, have social support from their friends, and they are sociable, extraverted and energetic (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 5

There are various groups of people who are deemed to engage in exercises. For example, those who have obesity problem strain themselves in order to reduce their weight. Moreover, individuals who have chronic conditions also incorporate in order to improve their health outcomes. Consecutively, adults and children also engage in exercises in order to prevent the occurrence of accidents (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 6

For individuals to exercise regularly, they must be insurroundings that facilitate healthy activities. These settings have a number of characteristics. For example, the settings must be convenient and easily accessible, less crowded, safe, have social support and enhanced environmental options (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 7

There are three main interventions that are linked with adherence to exercise regimens. The first intervention is family-based which helps in stimulating family members to be more active in exercises. The second intervention is relapse techniques which enhance long-term adherence to exercise programs. These interventions sensitize individuals to continuously adhere to exercise programs. The third one includes interventions that involve multiple health behaviors. These interventions are implemented when the health habits of individuals are associated to each other in order to address health risks (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 8

Exercises are important factors in relation to accidents that cause death or injuries to older people. For example, regular exercises enable individuals to be flexible and swift in their daily activities. Moreover, they enable people to control their body weight, and this enhances their stability. This means that conducting regular exercises can help in preventing the occurrence of some forms of accidents such as fall-related accidents (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 9

Mammography is the use of low x-rays in order to examine the breasts of women with the objective of detecting abnormal changes. This technology is used in order to detect breast cancer early in advance, so that early intervention measures can be employed. However, most adult women fail to adhere to this exercise due to numerous reasons such as fear of radiation, lack of awareness, fear of being detected with cancer, embarrassment, anxiety, anticipated pain and cost concerns. However, strategies such as social support and interventions of changing their attitude are used in order to increase women`s use of mammography (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 10

The chief risk factor for skin cancer development is the excessive exposure to UV radiations. Nevertheless, there are numerous measures that are used to promote the use of sunscreen. Some of these measures include educating people on using sunscreen regularly, and all the time regardless of the available environmental conditions (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 11

Poor diet is associated with numerous health risks. For example, excessive intake of foods that are rich in cholesterol is the primary risk factor to the development of chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Moreover, intake of insufficient and unbalanced diets contributes to the development of malnutrition, marasmus, and others (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 12

Most individuals opt to start taking healthy diets in order to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Moreover, some individuals, especially those who have already been diagnosed with these chronic diseases, opt to start taking healthy diets in order reduce the effects of these conditions, improve their health, and in the long run prolong their life (Grandy& Stock, 2014). I agree with this statement since regular health behaviors is associated with positive health outcomes.

Question 13

There are various interventions that are employed in order to enable people to modify their diets. Some of these include educating and training people on how to regularly modify their dietary behaviors, providing social support at family and community levels, improving their mood and motivating them. Moreover, since most people fail to adopt healthy dietary behaviors due to cost concerns, these interventions are cost- and highly-effective (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

 

Question 14

Sleep is a condition where the nervous system of animals is moderately inactive, and muscles are relaxed, eyes are closed and consciousness is relatively suspended. However, sleep is marked by four stages. In the initial stage, individuals lightly asleep, while, in the stage two, they are moderately asleep. However, in the third, individuals are fast asleep (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 15

Insufficient sleep affects cognitive functioning, job performance, mood and the quality of life of individuals. However, it is common in individuals who are alcoholic and stressed. (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

Question 16

The causes of Emily`s stress and lack of sleep are from internal sources. Internal stressors mean thoughts that come from emotional or psychological feelings, such as people putting pressure on themselves in order to perfect (Greene, 2013). Emily takes care for her co-worker’s responsibility, striving to meet her team’s deadlines and taking her managers’ project in order.

Question 17

In order to stimulate Emily to change her behavior, I would use conscious-raising strategy to help her determine whether her health problem is contributed by intentional or unintentional exposures. Moreover, in order to enable Emily to have control over the external exposures, I would use environmental management strategy in order to sensitize her to manipulate her working environment, in order to reinforce her changed behavior. In addition, I would use rewarding strategy in order to convince Emily that loss of sleep and stress would stop after changing her behavior. Moreover, I would use countering strategy in order to enable Emily substitute her unhealthy behaviors with the healthy ones (Grandy& Stock, 2014).

References

Grandy S., & Stock S. (2014). Promoting Healthy Behaviors.  Sudbury, MA: Jones &Barlett, LLC.

Pereira et al. (2007). An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17374720

Center for Disease Prevention And Control, (2011). Physical Activity and Health. Atlanta, United States Of America. Retrieved from, http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/health